Impact Winter

Impact Winter הוא משחק הישרדות ייחודי המשלב אלמנטים של משחקי תפקידים (RPG), אסטרטגיה והרפתקה, המתרחש בעולם פוסט-אפוקליפטי קפוא. עלילת המשחק מתרחשת בעקבות התנגשות אסטרואיד הרסנית בכדור הארץ, אירוע שהוביל לחורף גרעיני והטמין את הציוויליזציה המוכרת תחת שכבות עבות של שלג. השחקן מגלם את ג'ייקוב סולומון, מנהיג של קבוצת ניצולים מאולתרת שמצאה מחסה בכנסייה נטושה. נקודת המפנה מגיעה כאשר מתקבל שדר רדיו מסתורי המבטיח כי עזרה בדרך ותגיע בעוד 30 ימים בדיוק. המטרה העיקרית שלכם היא לשרוד את פרק הזמן הזה ולשמור על חברי הקבוצה בחיים עד לבואו של צוות החילוץ. המשחק מוצג בנקודת מבט איזומטרית ומדגיש את הצורך בניהול משאבים קפדני, חקירה של השממה הלבנה ומציאת פתרונות יצירתיים למצוקות היומיומיות. עליכם לאזן בין הצרכים הפיזיים של הניצולים, כמו מזון וחימום, לבין המצב המנטלי והמורל שלהם, תוך התמודדות עם סכנות סביבתיות ואירועים בלתי צפויים. זהו מבחן אמיתי של מנהיגות בתנאים הקיצוניים ביותר שניתן להעלות על הדעת, כאשר כל החלטה שלכם עשויה לחרוץ את גורל הקבוצה כולה ולהשפיע על סיכויי ההישרדות שלכם עד לרגע החילוץ המיוחל מהתופת הקפואה הזו.

G. The following table concludes the de-pression/de-motivation data (one value for 2017): b b [s] s p [Hz] e m_n p [Hz] h 76.5 0.529 1 0.738 1 76.8 0.531 2 0.709 3 77.2 0.556 1 0.617 3 77.1 0.551 1 0.565 5 76.9 0.542 1 0.548 7 76.9 0.550 1 0.514 9 77.0 0.564 1 0.511 11 76.9 0.544 1 0.516 13 76.8 0.548 1 0.499 15 76.6 0.543 1 0.505 17 76.6 0.538 1 0.509 19 76.4 0.518 1 0.499 21 76.5 0.522 1 0.470 23 76.5 0.512 1 0.473 25 76.5 0.516 1 0.485 27 76.5 0.518 1 0.482 29 76.6 0.511 1 0.489 31 76.4 0.512 1 0.490 33 76.3 0.516 1 0.484 35 76.1 0.500 1 0.479 37 76.0 0.498 1 0.486 39 76.0 0.500 1 0.492 41 76.0 0.481 1 0.516 43 75.9 0.491 1 0.502 45 75.8 0.484 1 0.514 47 75.8 0.478 1 0.518 49 75.7 0.481 1 0.511 Table 1: In the columns above are the time, temperature in celsius, m_n is the number of data points, and p is the value for p. All results are with N=100. (The standard deviation of p is given for b=1). S (T ) in Fig. 2 (bottom panel) results in the low frequency mobility, which follows the power law (12) very closely, down to low temperatures. On the other hand, the classical (T ) calculated directly via Eq. (9) significantly deviates from the power-law form for lower temperatures (T < 25 K). Thus, an appropriate temperature dependence of mobility should be extracted considering the low frequency limit of the dynamical mobility, particularly at low temperatures. In any case, the current non-adiabatic-transition results imply that the relaxation of the high energy small polarons significantly affects the low frequency mobility, and its temperature dependence differs from the temperature dependency of the small-polaron jump rate. 4. Conclusions By using the non-adiabatic version of our newly developed path integral method, based on a discrete variable representation of the Holstein Hamiltonian, we have investigated the effect of carrier-phonon coupling strength on the frequency-dependent 13 .02 .01 .00 .99 .97 .94 .91 .86 .81 .76 .71 .64 .58 .51 .46 .40 .35 .30 .26 .22 .18 .15 .12 .10 mobility. For intermediate coupling, the mobility exhibits a transition from Drude-like to small-polaron behavior with increasing temperature. At strong coupling, the mobility is governed by small-polaron hopping, which is characterized by a peak at the reorganization energy. We have successfully applied this method to the calculation of the dc mobility of naphthalene, and found that our results agree very well with experimental data. Importantly, it was demonstrated that at low temperatures, the temperature dependence of the dc mobility can be signicantly different from the temperature dependence of the jump rate of the small polaron. Acknowledgment This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 200021-129813). [1] Coropceanu, V.; Cornil, J.; da Silva Filho, D. A.; Gruhn, Y.; Ye, Z.; Brédas, J. L. Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 926. [2] G. Horowitz, Adv. Mater. 10, 365 (1998). [3] N. Karl, in Organic Electronic Materials, edited by R. Farchioni and G. Grosso (Springer, Berlin, 2001), p. 283. [4] V. Coropceanu, J. Cornil, D.A. da Silva Filho, Y. Olivier, R. Silbey, and J.L. Brédas, Chem. Rev. 107, 926 (2007). [5] K. Hannewald, V. M. Stojanovic, J. M. T. Schellekens, P. A. Bobbert, G. Kresse, and J. Hafner, Phys. Rev. B 69, 075211 (2004). [6] K. Hannewald and P. A. Bobbert, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1535 (2004). [7] K. Hannewald and P. A. Bobbert, Phys. Rev. B 69, 075212 (2004). [8] F. Ortmann, K. Hannewald, and F. Bechstedt, Phys. Rev. B 75, 195219 (2007). [9] S. Fratini and S. Ciuchi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 266601 (2009). [10] S. Ciuchi and S. Fratini, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 166403 (2011). 14 [11] T. Holstein, Annals of Physics 8, 325 (1959). [12] T. Holstein, Annals of Physics 8, 343 (1959). [13] F. Giustino, Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 015003 (2017). [14] G. Mahan, Many-Particle Physics, 3rd ed. (Plenum, New York, 2000). [15] R. Zeyher, Z. Phys. B 54, 1 (1983). [16] W. Wonneberger, Z. Phys. B 53, 167 (1983). [17] P. Gosar and S. Choi, Phys. Rev. 150, 529 (1966). [18] S. Ciuchi, F. de Pasquale, S. Fratini, and D. Feinberg, Phys. Rev. B 56, 4494 (1997). [19] N. Vukmirovi´c, A. S. Mishchenko, and N. Nagaosa, Phys. Rev. B 82, 155314 (2010). [20] J. Liu, N. Ananth, C. Wan, and T. F. Miller III, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 114113 (2011). [21] Y. Yao, W. Si, and X. Hou, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 234106 (2012). [22] J. S. Kretchmer and T. F. Miller III, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 134109 (2013). [23] F. A. Pollock, N. S. McCutcheon, E. M. Lovett, B. W. Lovett, and J. Keeling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 070602 (2011). [24] L. S. McCutcheon and A. Nazir, New J. Phys. 12, 113042 (2010). [25] F. A. Pollock and A. Nazir, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 134111 (2013). [26] V. Morosov and G. Röpke, J. Stat. Phys. 102, 285 (2001). [27] D. Emin, Phys. Rev. B 33, 3973 (1986). [28] D. Emin, Adv. Phys. 24, 305 (1975). [29] A. S. Mishchenko, N. Nagaosa, G. De Filippis, A. de Candia, and V. Cataudella, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 146401 (2015). [30] H. Ishii, K. Sato, T. Ohno, and H. Sugino, Phys. Rev. B 90, 214304 (2014). [31] J. Liu and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 234110 (2007). [32] J. Liu and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 114506 (2007). [33] J. Cao and G. A. Voth, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 5095 (1994). [34] R. Hernandez and G. A. Voth, Chem. Phys. Lett. 273, 201 (1997). [35] J. Liu, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 194110 (2011). [36] J. Liu, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 224107 (2014). 15 [37] D.T. Colbert, W.H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 96 1982 (1992). [38] D. L. Luckyanov, G. Itskov and C. J. Brabec, J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 13010 (2013). [39] W. Wonneberger, Phys. Rev. B 28, 6737 (1983). [40] V. Marcon, G. Raos, A. Moreno, and G. Abberti, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 1241 (2008). [41] T. Steinbrecher, T. Frauenheim, and M. Elstner, J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 16797 (2010). [42] L. B. Schein, C. B. Duke, and A. R. McGhie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 197 (1978). [43] J. Cheng, C. L. Zhang, and C. Q. Wu, Chem. Phys. Lett. 467, 101 (2008). [44] L. J. Wang, Q. Peng, Q. K. Li, and Z. Shuai, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 044506 (2007). 16 Figure 1: Real part of the conductivity Re s (w ) for 1D. (a) Intermediate coupling (S = 1, J = 0.5 and (b) Strong coupling (S = 5, J = 0.5 ). Re s (w) for (a) exhibits a transition from Drude-like behavior at lower temperatures to a small-polaron peak at higher temperatures. For (b),Re s (w) exhibits a small-polaron peak for all temperatures. Figure 2: (Upper panel) The d.c. mobility m(0) as a function of temperature calculated for different values of S using our path-integral formulation (solid lines) and Holstein formula Eq. (9) (dashed lines) for a 1D chain. (Lower panel) Comparison with the experimental data from Ref. [42] for the electron mobility of naphthalene along the a-axis (the 1D case is a very good approximation as J a b;c [21]). The results for the classical part m cl (T ) are given by the blue dashed line. Red triangles and blue squares are the results of the present approach, as obtained from the small-w expansion of s (w) and from integrating the PDM S(T ), respectively. 17 (a) (b) Figure 1: 18 (Upper panel) (Lower panel) Figure 2: 19 S (T ) in Fig. 2 (bottom panel) results in the low frequency mobility, which follows the power law (12) very closely, down to low temperatures. On the other hand, the classical (T ) calculated directly via Eq. (9) significantly deviates from the power-law form for lower temperatures (T < 25 K). Thus, an appropriate temperature dependence of mobility should be extracted considering the low frequency limit of the dynamical mobility, particularly at low temperatures. In any case, the current non-adiabatic-transition results imply that the relaxation of the high energy small polarons significantly affects the low frequency mobility, and its temperature dependence differs from the temperature dependency of the small-polaron jump rate. 4. Conclusions By using the non-adiabatic version of our newly developed path integral method, based on a discrete variable representation of the Holstein Hamiltonian, we have investigated the effect of carrier-phonon coupling strength on the frequency-dependent 13 .02 .01 .00 .99 .97 .94 .91 .86 .81 .76 .71 .64 .58 .51 .46 .40 .35 .30 .26 .22 .18 .15 .12 .10 mobility. For intermediate coupling, the mobility exhibits a transition from Drude-like to small-polaron behavior with increasing temperature. At strong coupling, the mobility is governed by small-polaron hopping, which is characterized by a peak at the reorganization energy. We have successfully applied this method to the calculation of the dc mobility of naphthalene, and found that our results agree very well with experimental data. Importantly, it was demonstrated that at low temperatures, the temperature dependence of the dc mobility can be signicantly different from the temperature dependence of the jump rate of the small polaron. Acknowledgment This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 200021-129813). [1] Coropceanu, V.; Cornil, J.; da Silva Filho, D. A.; Gruhn, Y.; Ye, Z.; Brédas, J. L. Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 926. [2] G. Horowitz, Adv. Mater. 10, 365 (1998). [3] N. Karl, in Organic Electronic Materials, edited by R. Farchioni and G. Grosso (Springer, Berlin, 2001), p. 283. [4] V. Coropceanu, J. Cornil, D.A. da Silva Filho, Y. Olivier, R. Silbey, and J.L. Brédas, Chem. Rev. 107, 926 (2007). [5] K. Hannewald, V. M. Stojanovic, J. M. T. Schellekens, P. A. Bobbert, G. Kresse, and J. Hafner, Phys. Rev. B 69, 075211 (2004). [6] K. Hannewald and P. A. Bobbert, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1535 (2004). [7] K. Hannewald and P. A. Bobbert, Phys. Rev. B 69, 075212 (2004). [8] F. Ortmann, K. Hannewald, and F. Bechstedt, Phys. Rev. B 75, 195219 (2007). [9] S. Fratini and S. Ciuchi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 266601 (2009). [10] S. Ciuchi and S. Fratini, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 166403 (2011). 14 [11] T. Holstein, Annals of Physics 8, 325 (1959). [12] T. Holstein, Annals of Physics 8, 343 (1959). [13] F. Giustino, Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 015003 (2017). [14] G. Mahan, Many-Particle Physics, 3rd ed. (Plenum, New York, 2000). [15] R. Zeyher, Z. Phys. B 54, 1 (1983). [16] W. Wonneberger, Z. Phys. B 53, 167 (1983). [17] P. Gosar and S. Choi, Phys. Rev. 150, 529 (1966). [18] S. Ciuchi, F. de Pasquale, S. Fratini, and D. Feinberg, Phys. Rev. B 56, 4494 (1997). [19] N. Vukmirovi´c, A. S. Mishchenko, and N. Nagaosa, Phys. Rev. B 82, 155314 (2010). [20] J. Liu, N. Ananth, C. Wan, and T. F. Miller III, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 114113 (2011). [21] Y. Yao, W. Si, and X. Hou, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 234106 (2012). [22] J. S. Kretchmer and T. F. Miller III, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 134109 (2013). [23] F. A. Pollock, N. S. McCutcheon, E. M. Lovett, B. W. Lovett, and J. Keeling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 070602 (2011). [24] L. S. McCutcheon and A. Nazir, New J. Phys. 12, 113042 (2010). [25] F. A. Pollock and A. Nazir, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 134111 (2013). [26] V. Morosov and G. Röpke, J. Stat. Phys. 102, 285 (2001). [27] D. Emin, Phys. Rev. B 33, 3973 (1986). [28] D. Emin, Adv. Phys. 24, 305 (1975). [29] A. S. Mishchenko, N. Nagaosa, G. De Filippis, A. de Candia, and V. Cataudella, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 146401 (2015). [30] H. Ishii, K. Sato, T. Ohno, and H. Sugino, Phys. Rev. B 90, 214304 (2014). [31] J. Liu and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 234110 (2007). [32] J. Liu and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 114506 (2007). [33] J. Cao and G. A. Voth, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 5095 (1994). [34] R. Hernandez and G. A. Voth, Chem. Phys. Lett. 273, 201 (1997). [35] J. Liu, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 194110 (2011). [36] J. Liu, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 224107 (2014). 15 [37] D.T. Colbert, W.H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 96 1982 (1992). [38] D. L. Luckyanov, G. Itskov and C. J. Brabec, J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 13010 (2013). [39] W. Wonneberger, Phys. Rev. B 28, 6737 (1983). [40] V. Marcon, G. Raos, A. Moreno, and G. Abberti, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 1241 (2008). [41] T. Steinbrecher, T. Frauenheim, and M. Elstner, J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 16797 (2010). [42] L. B. Schein, C. B. Duke, and A. R. McGhie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 197 (1978). [43] J. Cheng, C. L. Zhang, and C. Q. Wu, Chem. Phys. Lett. 467, 101 (2008). [44] L. J. Wang, Q. Peng, Q. K. Li, and Z. Shuai, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 044506 (2007). 16 Figure 1: Real part of the conductivity Re s (w ) for 1D. (a) Intermediate coupling (S = 1, J = 0.5 and (b) Strong coupling (S = 5, J = 0.5 ). Re s (w) for (a) exhibits a transition from Drude-like behavior at lower temperatures to a small-polaron peak at higher temperatures. For (b),Re s (w) exhibits a small-polaron peak for all temperatures. Figure 2: (Upper panel) The d.c. mobility m(0) as a function of temperature calculated for different values of S using our path-integral formulation (solid lines) and Holstein formula Eq. (9) (dashed lines) for a 1D chain. (Lower panel) Comparison with the experimental data from Ref. [42] for the electron mobility of naphthalene along the a-axis (the 1D case is a very good approximation as J a b;c [21]). The results for the classical part m cl (T ) are given by the blue dashed line. Red triangles and blue squares are the results of the present approach, as obtained from the small-w expansion of s (w) and from integrating the PDM S(T ), respectively. 17 (a) (b) Figure 1: 18 (Upper panel) (Lower panel) Figure 2: 19[{